There was some work on this years ago but it was hard to find real examples.
The approach you can start with is to use your own spelling rule. See spelling - Vale CLI and Hunspell - Vale CLI in the documentation. Once you have a dictionary in place, then you can use the other rules in the same way…. use substitution rules to look for the phrase you want to replace, or use existence.
I think the only thing that won’t work are the things relying on sentence structure.
Use different directory paths in your .vale.ini file for each language rather than using *.md as the pattern. And if you have mixed languages, the only thing I can think of for that, and it’s kinda ugly, is to use Vale comments to turn off rules for those sections and turn on other rules.
Someone else might have different thoughts here to share.
Hope that helps!