R: Sensitivity to C math library and mingw-w64 v12

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C math library functions, such as exp or sin, are heavily used by R and packages. The C standard doesn’t require these functions to be “precise”. Instead, there is room for performance optimizations causing a reasonable amount of inaccuracy. The results differ between platforms and may change even on a single platform. This happened with mingw-w64 v12, the SDK/runtime used by GCC and LLVM on Windows, which reduced accuracy of many math functions (for performance and maintenance reasons).

Get the full details here: Sensitivity to C math library and mingw-w64 v12 - The R Blog